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Translucent cubes of colored candle wax in jewel tones arranged in a gradient on white marble

Candle dyes and pigments

Color all the way through, or color on the outside.

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Dyes

The NCA says dyes come in liquid and powder form and give a candle translucent color. It says they are easily combustible and will not clog a wick.

Pigments

The NCA says pigments are tiny suspended color particles that make a solid wall of color, like paint. They usually do not burn well and will clog a wick if burned.

Which goes where

Per the NCA, dyes color a candle throughout, and pigments are used to coat the outside.

Why colors change

The NCA says heat, light, and fragrance can slightly change a candle's color over time.

Dye vs pigment. Per the NCA.

FAQ

Use colorants made for candles, and follow the colorant maker's instructions.
The NCA says colorants will not cause a properly formulated candle to soot.

General information only. Never leave a burning candle unattended, and keep it at least 12 inches from anything that can burn. When you heat wax, stay with it, and turn off the heat if you leave or see smoke. Never use water on a wax fire. If you can do so safely, slide a lid over the pot and turn off the heat; if the fire does not go out, get everyone out and call 911 from outside. Read and follow the Safety Data Sheet and instructions from the maker of every wax, wick, fragrance oil, and dye you use.

Next: fragrance oils

Read the SDS first.